Cellular pathways refer to the complex networks of interactions and signaling pathways that regulate cellular functions such as cell growth, division, differentiation, and death. These pathways involve the communication of signals within the cell and between cells, often mediated by molecules such as proteins, enzymes, and hormones. Cellular pathways play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis within the cell and coordinating various cellular processes to ensure the proper functioning of the organism as a whole. Dysregulation of cellular pathways can lead to various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Researchers study cellular pathways to better understand how cells respond to internal and external stimuli, identify potential drug targets for treating diseases, and develop new therapies that target specific pathways to restore normal cellular functions. This research area is highly interdisciplinary, involving disciplines such as molecular biology, biochemistry, genetics, and pharmacology.